vo as in voice (but without the i glide) at
the beginning of words. o as in voice (but without the i glide) in
the middle of the words.
vo
o
ú û
o as in voice (but without the i glide).
This letter mainly occurs at the begining of
words. It occurs in the middle of compounds
the second component of which is a word
beginning with o
o
àô áõ
oo as in boot
u
À Á
er as in letter. This letter occurs at the
beginning or at the end of words. The sound
is often heard between consonants in words
which have consonant cluster. In such cases
the letter is written only when the word is
divided into syllables. The letter occurs in the
middle of compounds the second component
of which is a word beginning with Á
a
ì í
v
v
È É
l
l
Ð Ñ
h as in hundred
h
Exercise 1. Find how many of each of these letters à á, ú û, àô áõ, À Á,
È É, Ð Ñ, ì í there are in the following text.
Note: The sound Á is heard but not written in the following words: Éë»É [ÉÁ-ë»É][le-sel], Éë³ñ³Ý [ÉÁ-ë³-ñ³Ý] [le-sa-ran], ÝÙ³Ý [ÝÁ-Ù³Ý] [ne-man]:
Vocabulary/ ´³é»ñ
Word
Transcription
Mean
Word
Transcription
Mean
á±í
ov
who
ÙáÙ
mom
candle
á±õÙ
um
whose,whom
ûñ
or
day
á±õñ
ur
where
ݳí
nav
ship
ѳٳÉë³ñ³Ý
hamalsaran
university
³ÝáõÝ
anun
name
³ë»É
asel
to say
Éáõñ
lur
news
Éë»É
lsel
to listen
³Ñ³
aha
here is
ëáíáñ»É
sovorel
to learn
ɳí
lav
good
³Ý»É
anel
to do
áõ
u
and
¿É
el
also
ëáíáñáõÙ »Ù
sovorum em
I learn
ëáíáñáõÙ »ë
sovorum es
you learn
ëáíáñáõÙ ¿
sovorum e
he she it learns
ëáíáñáõÙ »Ý
sovorum en
they learn
ѳٳÉë³ñ³ÝáõÙ
hamalsaranum
at in the university
* This is an exception: in the words á±í (who in singular) and áíù»±ñ
(who in plural) the initial n is pronounced o and not vo as expected.
Reading
à±í* ¿ ë³: - ê³ êáÝ³Ý ¿:
ov e sa|| sa sona-n e||
Who is this? - This is Sona.
à±í ¿ ë³: - ê³ ²ñ³ÙÝ ¿:
ov e sa|| sa aram-n e||
Who is this? - This is Aram
ºë ëáíáñáõÙ »Ù:
yes sovoru-m em
I study.
Ü³Ý»Ý ëáíáñáõÙ ¿:
nanen sovoru-m e||
Nane studies.
ܳ ëáíáñáõÙ ¿:
na sovorum e||
He/ She/ It studies.
²ñ³ÙÝ ¿É ¿ ëáíáñáõÙ:
aram-n el e sovoru-m|
Aram also studies.
²ñ³ÙÝ áõ ܳݻÝëáíáñáõÙ »Ý:
aram-n u nanen sovoru-men.||
Aram and Nane study
Ü³Ý»Ý É³í ¿ ëáíáñáõÙ:
nanen la-v e sovorum|
Nane studies well.
²ñ³ÙÝ ¿É ¿ ɳí ëáíáñáõÙ:
aram-n el a lav sovorum||
Aram also studies well.
Ü³Ý»Ý áõ ²ñ³ÙÁ É³í »Ý ëáíáñáõÙ:
nane-n u arame la-v ensovorum
Aram and Nane study well.
²ñ³ÙÁ ëáíáñáõÙ ¿ ѳٳÉë³ñ³ÝáõÙ:
arame sovoru-m ehamalsaranum||
Aram studies at the University.
Ü³Ý»Ý ¿É ¿ ëáíáñáõÙ
ѳٳÉë³ñ³ÝáõÙ:
nane-nel esovorum en
hamalsaranum||
Nane also studies at the
University
²ñ³ÙÝ áõ Ü³Ý»Ý ëáíáñáõÙ »Ý
ѳٳÉë³ñ³ÝáõÙ:
aram-n u nanen sovorum en
hamalsaranum||
Aram and Nane study at the
University.
-à±õñ ¿ ܳݻÝ:
u-r e nanen||
-Where is Nane?
-²Ñ³ ܳݻÝ:
aha nanen||
-Here is Nane.
à±õñ »Ý ²ñ³ÙÝ áõ ܳݻÝ:
u-r en aram-n u nanen||
-Where are Aram and Nane.
- гٳÉë³ñ³ÝáõÙ »Ý:
hamalsaranum en||
-They are at the university.
Questions and Answers.
à±õñ ¿:Where is...?
-à±õñ ¿ ܳݻÝ:
- ²Ñ³ ܳݻÝ:
-à±õñ ¿ ë³ñÁ:
- ²Ñ³ ë³ñÁ:
-à±õñ »Ý Ü³Ý»Ý áõ êáݳÝ:
- ²Ñ³ Ü³Ý»Ý áõ êáݳÝ:
-à±õñ ¿ ²ñ³Ý:
- ²ñ³Ý ѳٳÉë³ñ³ÝáõÙ
-à±õñ »Ý ²ñ³ÙÝ áõ ܳݻÝ:
- ²ñ³ÙÝ áõ Ü³Ý»Ý Ñ³Ù³Éë³ñ³ÝáõÙ »Ý:
_________ * à±í - the mark ± is the Armenian question mark, which is put over the vowel of the streesed syllable.
ê³ á±í ¿Who is this?
ê³ á±í ¿:
-Ü³Ý»Ý ¿:
ê³ á±í ¿:
-²ñ³ÙÝ ¿:
Grammar Notes The Definite Articles Á/Ý (àñáßÛ³É Ñá¹)
The definite article Á is added to words which end in
a consonant and the article Ý to those that end in a vowel, e.g.
ë³ñ
mountain
ë³ñÁ
sare
the mountain
ÙáÙ
candle
ÙáÙÁ
mome
the candle
²ñ³Ù
Aram
²ñ³ÙÁ
Arame
(the) Aram
ܳݻ
Nane
ܳݻÝ
Nanen
(the) Nane
ٳٳ
mother
ٳٳÝ
maman
(the) mother
When the following word starts with a vowel, the article Ý is added to words ending in consonant.
In that case the article Ý forms one syllable to gether with the initial vowel of the following word, e.g.
ê³ ²ñ³ÙÝ ¿:
[sa Aram-ne]
ë³ñÝ áõ ݳíÁ
[sar-nu-nave]
ÙáÙÝ áõ ³Ù³ÝÁ
[mom-nu-amane]
Nouns in plural add the define article after the plural ending, e.g.
ë³ñ»ñ
mountains
ë³ñ»ñÁ
the mountains
ÙáÙ»ñ
candles
ÙáÙ»ñÁ
the candles
Exercise 3.Read the following words. (Plural formation, definite forms). 1.ÙáÙ-ÙáÙ»ñ, ûñ-ûñ»ñ, Ù³ë-Ù³ë»ñ, Éáõñ-Éáõñ»ñ, ݳí-ݳí»ñ, ³ÝáõÝ-³ÝáõÝÝ»ñ, ³í³Ý-³í³ÝÝ»ñ,
³Ù³Ý-³Ù³ÝÝ»ñ,ٳٳ-ٳٳݻñ 2.
ûñ
ûñÁ
ûñ
ûñ»ñÁ
ÙáÙ
ÙáÙÁ
ÙáÙ
ÙáÙ»ñÁ
Ù³ë
Ù³ëÁ
Ù³ë
Ù³ë»ñÁ
Éáõñ
ÉáõñÁ
Éáõñ
Éáõñ»ñÁ
ݳí
ݳíÁ
ݳí
ݳí»ñÁ
³ÝáõÝ
³ÝáõÝÁ
³ÝáõÝ
³ÝáõÝÝ»ñÁ
ٳٳ
ٳٳÝ
ٳٳ
ٳٳݻñÁ
²ñ³
²ñ³Ý
ܳݻ
ܳݻÝ
Auxiliary Verb »Ù (to be) The verb »Ù to be in Armenian does not have a special form for the infinitive.
In this chapter we studied some of its forms: »Ù (I am), »ë (you are) and ¿ (is), »Ý (they are).
In all these forms the letter » is pronounced e as in hence.
Infinitive (²Ýáñáß ¹»ñµ³Û) Armenian verbs are slassified into two main groups: » verbs and ³ verbs,
depending on the ending they have in the Infinitive. These endings are »É and ³É » verbs·ñ»É, »ñ·»É, ³ë»É ³verbsÙݳÉ
The Progressive Participle (²Ýϳï³ñ ¹»ñµ³Û) The progressive participle is formed by replacind the infinitive endings »É and aÉ by the ending áõÙ:
·ñ-»É·ñ-áõÙ ÙÝ-³ÉÙÝ-áõÙ
The progressive participle is used to form the present tense and the past progressive tense.
Some Forms of the Present tense (Ü»ñϳ ųٳݳÏ) The present tense is formed with the help of the Progressive Participle and the auxiliary verb »Ù. Armenian language does not distinguish bitween forms like I say and I am saying.
Both of these are rendered in Armenian as ºë ³ëáõÙ »Ù. The following are some of the forms of the verb ëáíáñ»É (to learn in the present tense).
ëáíáñáõÙ »Ù
I learn (am learning)
ëáíáñáõÙ »ë
you learn (are learning) singular, informal form
ëáíáñáõÙ ¿
he/she/it learns (is learning)
ëáíáñáõÙ »Ý
they learn (are learning)
³ë»É
Éë»É
³Ý»É
ëáíáñ»É
³ëáõÙ »Ù
ÉëáõÙ »Ù
³ÝáõÙ »Ù
ëáíáñáõÙ »Ù
³ëáõÙ »ë
ÉëáõÙ »ë
³ÝáõÙ »ë
ëáíáñáõÙ »ë
³ëáõÙ ¿
ÉëáõÙ ¿
³ÝáõÙ ¿
ëáíáñáõÙ ¿
³ëáõÙ »Ý
ÉëáõÙ »Ý
³ÝáõÙ »Ý
ëáíáñáõÙ »Ý
Exercise 4.Continue the practice. Answer the questions according to the model. Model:1:
-à±õñ ¿ ܳݻÝ:
-²Ñ³ ܳݻÝ:
-à±õñ ¿ ÙáÙÁ:
---------------------
-à±õñ »Ý Ü³Ý»Ý áõ ²ñ³ÙÁ:
---------------------
-à±õñ ¿ ë³ñÁ:
---------------------
-à±õñ ¿ ³Ù³ÝÁ:
---------------------
Model 2:
-à±õñ ¿ ²ñ³Ý:
-²ñ³Ý ѳٳÉë³ñ³ÝáõÙ ¿:
-à±õñ »Ý ²ñ³ÙÝ áõ ܳݻÝ:
----------------------
-à±õñ ¿ êáݳÝ:
----------------------
Exercise 5.Replace the italicized words with the words given below. Model 1: ê³ á±í ¿: -ê³ Ü³Ý»Ý ¿: Use:²ñ³Ù, ²ñ³, êáݳ, ²ñÙ»Ý, ܳݻ: Model 2: ²ñ³ÙÁ ëáíáñáõÙ ¿ ѳٳÉë³ñ³ÝáõÙ: Use:ܳݻ, ²ñ³Ý áõ êáݳÝ, »ë:
Exercise 6. Correct the word order in the following sentences.
¿É ²ÝÇÝ ëáíáñáõ٠ѳٳÉë³ñ³ÝáõÙ ¿:
¿ ²ñÙ»ÝÁ ɳí ëáíáñáõÙ:
¿ ÜáõÝ»Ý Ñ³Ù³Éë³ñ³ÝáõÙ:
»Ù »ë ÉëáõÙ:
áõ ²ñ³Ý á±õñ ²ñÙ»ÝÁ »Ý:
Exercise 7. Translate into Armenian.
1. This is a new candle. 2. Where is Nane? Here is Nane. 3. Where is the dish? Here is the dish.
4. Who is this? This is Ann. 5. This is mother. 6. I study well. Aram also studies well.
7. Aram studies at the university. Ann studies at the university, too. Aram and Nane study at the university.
