Exercise 1. Find how many of each of the letters Æ Ç, ¶ ·, Î Ï, ø ù, ¸ ¹, î ï, Â Ã, 
there are in the following paragraph.

Exercise 2. Read:

Transcription: ir, uni, ine, im, mis, ani, miasin, amis, sirun// gir, gini, sag,
genal, gal, gari, hing, garun// kar, ker, kan, kam, kas, karmir, namak, kin, mek,
yerku, muk, manuk, yerkir// k’ar, k’ami, k’ani, k’o, yerek’, k’san, k’un, k’nel, unek’,
unenk’, nerank’, menk’// du, dar, das, durs, danak, der, denel, da, dram// tar,
tat, tari, tur, tas, tanel, utel, mat, katu, tun, mart, tak, mot,// yet’e, t’an, t’at’, mut’,
t’ert’, t’atron, t’arm, t’as, t’el.

Grammar notes
   Personal Pronouns (²ÝÓÝ³Ï³Ý ¹»ñ³ÝáõÝÝ»ñ)

   The following are the nominative forms of the Armenian personal pronouns:

   The third person singular forms ݳ and ÇÝùÁ have almost exactly the same meaning and do not render
any gender differences as do the English third person personal pronouns (he/she/it). The term ÇÝùÁ may
sometimes be rendered in English as himself.
   There are two pronouns to express the meaning of the English second person personal pronoun you: -¹áõ
and ¹áõù which are used for singular and plural objects respectively. The term ¹áõù is also used to adress
a person whith whom you have a formal relationship, where as ¹áõ is used in informal situations with people
one knows well, on a first name basis.

The verb »Ù ‘ to be' in Present.
   The auxiliary verb »Ù is used in the formation of different tenses. It only has forms for the present and the past.
   This verb does not have a special form for the infinitive. This kind of verbs in Armenian are called defective verbs.
The missing forms of this verb are expressed by the verb ÉÇÝ»É (to be), which has the same meaning.

Forms of the Present Tense

e.g. ºë ²ñÙ»ÝÝ »Ù: ¸áõ Ü³Ý»Ý »ë:
Remember that the initial » in all the forms of the auxiliary »Ù is pronounced [e] and not [ye] as axpected. So the form
»Ù is pronounced as [em], »ë as [es] and so on.

   Present Tense (Ü»ñϳ ųٳݳÏ)
   As you already know the present tense in Armenian is formed by adding the corresponding form of the verb »Ù (to be)
in the present tense to the progressive participle, e.g.

   The present tense in Armenian bears the meanings of both English present tenses: present progressive and present simple.
The sentence »ë ëáíáñáõÙ »Ù can be rendered in English both as I learn and I am learning.
   There are three verbs in Armenian which form their present tense by adding the ending Çë to their infinitive forms:
·³É(to come)- ·³ÉÇë, ï³É (to give)- ï³ÉÇë, É³É (to cry)- ɳÉÇë. e.g.

   Note: the auxiliary verb »Ù follows the main verb when there is no other part of the sentence preceding the verb except
the subject. Often some part of the sentence other than the subject comes before the verb, then the auxiliary verb is placed
before the main verb, e.g.
ºë ·ÝáõÙ »Ù ѳٳÉë³ñ³Ý:
But:
ºë ѳٳÉë³ñ³Ý »Ù ·ÝáõÙ:

Exercise 3. Use the following verbs in the present tense, ϳñ¹³É, ·ñ»É, ·Ý³É, ·³É, ï³É:

Exercise 4. Make 10 sentences on the basis of the model below:
Model

Exercise 5. Fill in the blanks by the appropriate form of the verb »Ù to be in the present.
   1.ºë Ý³Ù³Ï -- ·ñáõÙ: 2. ²ñ³ÙÁ ·Çñù -- ϳñ¹áõÙ: 3. ²ñ³ÙÇ Ù³Ù³Ý Ã»ñà -- ϳñ¹áõÙ: 4. ¸áõ ÙÇë -- áõïáõÙ:
5. Ø»Ýù ïáõÝ -- ·ÝáõÙ: 6. ¸áõù ѳٳÉë³ñ³Ý -- ·ÝáõÙ: 7. ²ÉÇë³Ý áõ ÈáõëÇÝ»Ý Ý³Ù³Ï -- ·ñáõÙ:
8. êáÝ³Ý ³ëáõÙ -- Çñ ³ÝáõÝÁ: 9. ¸áõ ÉëáõÙ -- : 10. Üñ³Ýù ¹³ë -- ëáíáñáõÙ: 11. ºë ³Ý·É»ñ»Ý -- ëáíáñáõÙ:

   Personal Pronouns: Genetive Case (²ÝÓÝ³Ï³Ý ¹»ñ³ÝáõÝÝ»ñÇ ë»é³Ï³Ý ÑáÉáíÁ)

   The personal pronouns may be declined. The genetive forms of the personal pronouns express possession.
In English linguistics these pronouns are called possessive pronouns. So far we have met the forms: ÇÙ (my), ùá (your),
Çñ/Ýñ³ (his, her, its), e.g. ÇÙ ·ÇñùÁ, ùá ·ÇñùÁ, Çñ/Ýñ³ ·ÇñùÁ. Possessive pronouns as a rule are followed by nouns
used with the definite article.
   Note that the Armenian third person personal and possessive pronouns display no gender distinctions. The variants Ýñ³
and Çñ are almost identical with one exception. In sentences like "He took his book" the pronoun Çñ would mean that the
book belongs to
the subject, where as Ýñ³ would mean that the book belongs to someone else.
   The possessive answer the question á±õÙ whose' e.g. á±õÙ  ³ÝáõÝÁ (whose name?). Note again the useage of the
definite article.


Exercise 6. Change the following phrases according to the model.
Model:
(»ë)   ³ÝáõÝ-    ÇÙ ³ÝáõÝÁ
(¹áõ)  ³ÝáõÝ- ùá ³ÝáõÝÁ
   Use: (»ë) ·Çñù, (¹áõ) ï»ïñ, (»ë) Ù³ïÇï, (¹áõ) ÙáÙ, (»ë) ·ÇÝÇ, (¹áõ) ݳí, (¹áõ) ٳٳ:


Exercise 7. Ask questions according to the model.
Model:
-à±Ù ³ÝáõÝÝ ¿ ²ÉÇë:
-ÆÙ (ùá, Ýñ³) ³ÝáõÝÁ:

1.  à±õÙ ·ÇñùÝ ¿ ÑÇÝ: 2. à±õÙ Ù³ïÇïÝ»ñÝ »Ý ϳñÙÇñ: 3. à±õ٠ݳٳÏÝ ¿ »ñϳñ: 4. à±õ٠ûñÃÝ ¿ Ýáñ: 5.à±õÙ ·ÇÝÇÝ ¿ ÑÇÝ:


Exercise 8. Ask questions and answer them:
Model:
-²ÝáõÝë ²ÉÇë ¿:
-à±õÙ ³ÝáõÝÝ ¿ ²ÉÇë:
-ÆÙ ³ÝáõÝÁ:
1.ÆÙ ·ÇñùÁ ÑÇÝ ¿: 2. øá Ù³ïÇïÁ ϳñÙÇñ ¿: 3. Æ٠ݳٳÏÁ »ñϳñ ¿: 4. Æ٠ûñÃÁ Ýáñ ¿: 5. øá ·ÇÝÇÝ ÑÇÝ ¿:


Exercise 9. Translate into Armenian using possessive pronouns.
1.This is my book. 2. My name is Aram. 3. Your name is Alice. 4. Your letter is old. 5. My pencil is long. 6. My notebook is
new. 7. This is my meat.


   Present tense of the verb áõݻ٠'to have'
   The verb áõݻ٠is one of the defective verbs. It does not have any special form for the Infinitive.
   The following are the forms of the verb áõݻ٠in the present tense:

Exercise 10. Replace the italicized words with the words given below.
ø³ÝÇ (ѳï)-How many?
Model:
-ø³ÝDZ ·Çñù  áõÝ»ë:
-ºñÏáõ ѳï:
Use:    ÑÇÝ ·Çñù, Ýáñ ûñÃ, ϳñÙÇñ Ù³ïÇï, ݳí, ݳٳÏ, ³ÝáõÝ:
      Ù»Ï, »ñÏáõ, »ñ»ù, ÑÇÝ·, áõÃ, ÇÝÁ, ï³ë:


Exercise 11. Translate.
   1. I am writing a book. 2. You are reading a letter. 3. Armen is listening. 4. Sona is eating. 5. I am reading a book.
6. You are also reading a book. 7. We are reading a book. 8. Ani is learning the lesson. Aram is also learning the lesson.
They are learning lessons. 9. This is an old book, and this is a new book. 10. This is a long letter. 11. That is a red pencil.
12. Who is eating meat? - Armen is. 13. Who  is writing a book? - I am. 14. Where are you going? - Home. And you?
- I am going to have a class. 15. Whose pencil is this? - It's my pencil. 16.Whose ship is this? - It's your ship.
17.How many books have you got?