barev| lusine || inchpe-s es|| la-v em|| du inchpe-s es|| vochinch|| barev anuned in-ch e|| aram|| in-ch es anum| aram|| da-s em sovorum|| inch das|| hayeren|| sa gerich e|| voch| gerich che| mati-t e|| isk sa inch e|| da geri-ch e|| inch guyni geri-ch e||
sev guyni|| t'ey uzu-m ek'|| voch| t'ey chem uzum|| t'ey chem sirum|| isk surtsh khu-m ek'|| ayo| surtsh khmu-m em||
ays girk'e anglere-n e|| angleren girk'e ayste-gh e||
ayt girk'e hayere-n e||
hayeren girk'e aytte-gh e||
ayn girk'e r'usere-n e||
r'useren girk'e aynte-gh e|| vort-gh e k'o girk'e||
seghani vera e|| vorte-gh e im tetre|| seghani ta-k e|| vorte-gh e arami geriche|| gerk'i mo-t e|| vorte-gh e mer surtshe|| paharani me-j e||
-Hello, Lusine.
How are you? -Fine. How are you? -OK -Hello. What's your name? -Aram. -What are you doing, Aram? -I am learning (my) lesson. -What lesson? -Armenian. -Is this a pen? -No, it's not a pen. It's a pencil. -And what is this? -That is a pen. -What color is the pen? -Black. -Do you want tea? -No, I don't want tea.
-I don't like tea. -Do you drink coffee? -Yes, I drink coffee.
This book is in English.
The English book is here.
That book is in Armenian.
The Armenian book is there.
That book over there is in Russian.
The Russian book is over there.
-Where is your book? -It's on the table. -Where is my notebook? -It is under the table. -Where is Aram's pen? -It is near the book. -Where is our coffee? -It is in the cupboard.
Grammar notes Negative Conjugation of the Auxiliary »Ù
The verb »Ù (to be) has the following negative forms in the
present tense:
ºë ã»Ù
es chem
I am not
Ø»Ýù ã»Ýù
menq chenk
We are not
¸áõã»ë
du ches
You are not
¸áõù ã»ù
duq chek
You are not
ܳãÇ / ã¿
na chi/che
He/She/It is not
Üñ³Ýù ã»Ý
nranq chen
They are no
You may notice that there are two forms of
the auxiliary for the third person
singular ãÇ and ã¿. The form ãÇ is used to make up negative tense forms,
e.g.
ãÇ áõ½áõÙdoes not want ãÇ ëáíáñáõÙdoes not study
The form ã¿ is used with a noun or an adjective or some
other part of speech other
than a verb. In such cases the verb
»Ù is
called a link verb.
²ñ³ÙÁ ³ß³Ï»ñï ã¿:Aram is not a student. ²ÝÇÝ ÇÙ ùáõÛñÁ ã¿:Ani is not my sister. The negative form of the auxiliary verb »Ù
always precedes the main verb: e.g. ²ÝÇÝ ãÇ ·ñáõÙ:Ani is not writing. ºë ã»Ù ϳñ¹áõÙ:I am not reading. Ø»Ýù ã»Ýù ÉëáõÙ:We are not listening.
The auxiliary verb »Ùhas the following negative forms in the past
tense:
ºë ã¿Ç
es che-yee
I was not
Ø»Ýù ã¿ÇÝù
menq che-yeenq
We are not
¸áõ ã¿Çñ
du che-yeer
You were not
¸áõù ã¿Çù
duq che-yeek
You were not
ܳã¿ñ
na cher
He/She/It was not
Üñ³Ýù ã¿ÇÝ
nranq che-yeen
They were not
Exercise 2.Complete the sentences. Add the corresponding
negative form of the auxiliary »Ù
in the present.
1. The coffee is not in the cupboard. 2.I
am not learning a lesson. 3. This is not
a pen. 4. That is not Aram. 5. I do want any wine.
6. I do not like coffee. 7. This is not an
English book. 8. Where is Ara? - He is not here. 9. Is
the book on the table? No, it is not.
Demonstrative Pronouns (òáõó³Ï³Ý ¹»ñ³ÝáõÝÝ»ñ)
Demonstrative pronouns (³Ûë, ³Û¹, ³ÛÝ) may be used in the functions of adjectives
and nouns. Demonstrative pronouns-adjectives are used
to point out or indicate a specific noun
or npuns. Demonstrative adjectives precede the noun
they refer to, e.g.
²Ûë ·ÇñùÁ ѳۻñ»Ý ¿: This book is in English.
²Ûë (this) is used to refer to nouns that are close
to the speaker in time or space. ²Û¹ (that) is used to refer to nouns that are not
close to the speaker. Sometimes nouns modified by ³Û¹ are close to the person adressed.
²Û¹ ·ÇñùÁ ïáõñ:Give (me) that book.
²ÛÝ (that one over there) is used to refer to nouns that are even
farther away.
Note that these demonstrative adjectives
can be used with nouns both in singular and
plural. So ³Ûë, for example, is used to render the meanings
of both this and thes, e.g.
²Ûë Ù³ïÇïÁ »ñϳñ ¿:This pencil is long. ²Ûë Ù³ïÇïÝ»ñÁ »ñϳñ »Ý:These pencils are long.
The demonstrative pronouns ë³, ¹³, ݳ are used only in the functions of a noun.
They can be declined (ë³-ëñ³, ¹³-¹ñ³, ݳ-Ýñ³). They have plural forms (ëñ³Ýù, ¹ñ³Ýù, Ýñ³Ýù) which can also be declined.
ê³ ·Çñù ¿:This is a book. ¸³ ùá ùáõÛñÝ ¿:That is your sister. êñ³Ýù Ù»ñ ÁÝÏ»ñÝ»ñÝ »Ý:These are our friends. ¸ñ³Ýù Ó»ñ Ù³ïÇïÝ»ñÝ »Ý:Those are your pencils. êñ³ Ù»ç DZÝã ϳ:What is there in it (lit. in this)? ¸ñ³ ï³Ï DZÝã ϳ:What is there under it (lit. under that)?
In Modern Armenian the pronoun ¹³ is often used to render the meaning of the
English pronoun it.
1. This pen is new. 2. These pens are new.
3. That woman is Armenian. 4.Those boys (over there) is Lusine's book.
6. These are Lusine's books. 7. Those are
Aram's begs. 8. Who are these? 9. What are those? 10.
This is my book.
Prepositions and Postpositions(γå»ñ)
Prepositions and postpositions denote relations
between words. Prepositions precede the nouns
that they refer to, postpositions - follow
them. The words íñ³on,ï³Ïunder, Ùáïnear, at, Ù»ç in are postpositions. The following are examples
of their usage:
¶ÇñùÁ ë»Õ³ÝÇ íñ³ ¿:The book is on the table. î»ïñÁ ë»Õ³ÝÇ ï³Ï ¿:The notebook is under the table. ¶ñÇãÁ ·ñùÇ Ùáï ¿:The pen is near the book. سïÇïÁ ·ñùÇ Ù»ç ¿:The pencil is in the book.
The nouns used with the positions íñ³, ï³Ï,
Ùáï, Ù»ç must be in the genetive case.
Exercise 7. Answer the following questions using the
postpositions íñ³, ï³Ï, Ùáï, Ù»ç
1. The book is on the table. 2. The pens
are in the bag. 3. The milk is in the refregerator
(ë³éݳñ³Ý). 4. The pencil is under the chair (³Ãáé).
5. Where is the butter? 6. All the English books are on this shelf
(¹³ñ³Ï). 7. The paper is near the table.
8. Where are the dishes? They are in the
cupboard. 9. Where is my pen? It's
under
that table.
Exercise 9.Make 4 sentences using the postpositions
íñ³, ï³Ï, Ùáï, Ù»ç.
1. This is my book. 2. My name is Aram. 3.
Your pencil is red. 4. I am not learning
a lesson. 5. This is not a pen. 6. I do not like wine.
7. Where is Ara? -He is not here. 8. The coffee is not in the cupboard. 9.
These pens are new. 10. That woman is Armenian.
11. These are Lusine's books. 12. Those are
my father's bags. 13. The book is on the
table. 14. The pens are in the bag. 15. All the
English books are on this shelf (¹³ñ³Ï).
16. Where are the dishes? -They are in the
cupboard. 17 Where is my car? It is under
that table.
Exercise 12. Fill in the blanks with the missing letter:
